Process of imparting drying properties to oils



UNITED STATES I PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM N. BLAKEMAN, JR., OF MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK.

PROCESS OF llVlPARTlNG DRYING PROPERTIES TO OILS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 496,991, dated May 9,1893.

Application filed January 31, 1893. Serial No. 460,190. (No specimens Toall whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM N. BLAKEMAN, J r., of Mount Vernon, in thecounty of Westchester and State of New York, have invented a new anduseful Process of Imparting Drying Properties to Oils, as well ashastening drying action, where it exists in the same, which invention isfully set forth in the following specification.

The object of this invention is to impart drying properties to thoseoils, either animal or vegetable, which belong to the so called, fatty,or non-drying -class, as well as to hasten the drying action of thoseoils which are technically denominated drying oils.

The invention will first be particularly described and then set forth ingeneral in the claims.

Animal and vegetable oils are known as oxygenated hydrocarbons, that isthey are composed of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon, and have the naturalcharacteristic of taking on more oxygen by absorption when exposed tothe air, the drying oils in such case becoming resinous, and thenon-drying oils be coming thick and viscous. It is also known that thisacidifying element of oxygen can be further increased artificially byexposure of the oils to a continuous current or atmosphere of oxygen, orby heating or boiling on oxygen-carriers, such as the metallic oxides,and oxy-salts, or by adding to them, in their cold state, some of saidoxides or salts, as acidifying agents, not-ably inthe form of commercialpaint driers. But although oxygen is the great acidifying agent, it isnot alone in this action, chlorine and other elements being classed, assuch agents; and oxygen in its union with oils gives acid reactions withthe evolution of carbonic acid. In my process I take advantage of thisknown characteristic, and, therefore, I first, cause the oils to absorboxygen by admixture with an oxidizing or acidifying agent, and secondly,I cause them to absorb carbonic acid.

The boiling of the oils can be carried on by applying heat directly tothe containing vessel, or through the medium of the sand bath, or waterbath, and the proportion of oxides used may be from three to five percent, the boiling requiring two to five hours, the time varyingaccording to the gravity of the oil,

and the oxygen carrier used. But as the boiling points of oils varybetween from about 590 to about 620 Fahrenheit, and as these points oftemperature are also very near the decomposing points of the oils, caremust be exercised that the body and quality of the oils are not injuredin the boiling. This danger of injury can be avoided, however, by theuse of a steam jacket or water bath, which, while maintaining a muchlower temperature, requires a longer exposure to its heat. The agentsgenerally used for the above purposes, are the oxides and salts of lead,such as litharge, minium, and the acetates of lead, also oxides andsalts of manganese. After cooling and settling, the oil is ready for thesecond step of my process, that of imparting to it carbonic acid. ThisIaccomplish by'dissolving, grinding or mixing with the oil and.

by the aid of heat, if necessary, any agent that will absorb carbonicacid from the air,

'or that will give up carbonic acid having held it in combination, andthus impart it to the oil. I prefer to use for this purpose, thoseagents which have an affinity for, and will absorb carbonic acid, suchas some of the metallic soaps, as alumina, magnesia, or alum soap, andmonometaborate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of alumina,borate of magnesia, basic acetate of lead, alum and the like chemicalagents. One or more of these agents may be used, as the result desiredand practice shall dictate, but the best effects are obtained by usingthose agents which have the property of making the oil alkaline or basicin addition to their power for absorbing carbonic acid, or which have anaffinity for the oil and also for carbonic acid, such' as magnesia, oralumina soap, and basic acetate of lead, and any of the others may beafterward added such as borate of magnesia, and mono-metaborate of soda.The quantity of these agents used must be governed also largely bypractice, but about five per cent. of metallic soap, ten per cent. ofborate of magnesia, and fifteen per cent. of basic acetate of lead willgive good results. After this treatment carbonic acid may be chargedthrough the oil, and any of, the commercial oil driers added withoutdeparting from In invention.

A possible explanation of the apparent paradox, which I effect, that ofan acidifying agent giving an acid reaction, and carbonic acid beingevolved, and an alkaline or basic agent giving an alkaline or basicreaction and carbonic acid being absorbed, said actions going onapparently interchangeably, seems to be, that the acidifying agentunites progressively with a portion of the oil,evolving and setting freecarbonic acid which is immediately seized and absorbed by a portion ofthe oil rendered alkaline or basic, and this action and reactioncontinue until mutual exhaustion or until a neutral point is reached.

acid, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. The hereinbefore described process of causing oils to absorb carbonicacid, which consists in chemically combining with the oil an acidifyingagent and then adding an alkaline agent capable of absorbingcarbon-dioxide, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The process of imparting drying properties to oils, or hastening thedrying action of the same, consisting in first oxidizing, by boiling theoil in mixture with an oxygen carrier, and then adding a basic agentcapable of absorbing carbonic acid, substantially as set forth.

5. The process of imparting drying properties to oils, or hastening thedrying action of the same, consisting in first oxidizing, by boiling theoil mixture with an oxygen carrier, and then adding an alkaline agent,substantially as set forth.

WM. N. BLAKEMAN, JR.

WVitnesses:

FRANCIS P. REILLY, THEO. H. FRIEND.

